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"Young temperament" may refer to either of a pair of well temperaments described by Thomas Young in a letter dated July 9, 1799, to the Royal Society of London. The letter was read at the Society's meeting of January 16, 1800, and included in its ''Philosophical Transactions'' for that year.〔Young (1800). The material on temperaments appears on (pages 143-47 ). The paper was reprinted in ''Nicholson's Journal'' in 1802 (Young, 1802), along with a list of errata ((p.167 )), and a corrected version appeared in volume II of a collection of Young's works published in 1807 (Young, 1807, (pp.531-554 )). The original paper had contained an error in the placement of the first temperament's E on a monochord (Barbour, 2004, (p.168 )).〕 The temperaments are referred to individually as "Young's first temperament" and "Young's second temperament",〔Barbour (2004, pp.180, 181).〕 more briefly as "Young's No. 1" and "Young's No. 2",〔Barbour (2004, (p.183 )).〕 or with some other variations of these expressions. Young argued that there were good reasons for choosing a temperament to make "the harmony most perfect in those keys which are the most frequently used", and presented his first temperament as a way of achieving this. He gave his second temperament as a method of "very simply" producing "nearly the same effect". ==First temperament== In his first temperament, Young chose to make the major third C-E wider than just by of a syntonic comma (about 5 cents, ), and the major third F-A (B) wider than just by a full syntonic comma (about 22 cents, ). He achieved the first by making each of the fifths C-G, G-D, D-A and A-E narrower than just by of a syntonic comma, and the second by making each of the fifths F-C, C-G, G-D (E) and E-B perfectly just.〔Barbour (2004, (pp.167-8 )).〕 The remaining fifths, E-B, B-F, B-F and F-C were all made the same size, chosen so that the circle of fifths would close—that is, so that the total span of all twelve fifths would be exactly seven octaves. The resulting fifths are narrower than just by about of a syntonic comma, or 1.8 cents,〔Barbour (2004, (p.168 )). The precise difference is of a Pythagorean (ditonic) comma less of a syntonic comma.〕 and differ from an equal temperament fifth by only about one-eighth of a cent. The exact and approximate numerical sizes of the three types of fifth, in cents, are as follows: Each of the major thirds in the resulting scale comprises four of these fifths less two octaves. If ''sj'' =Def ''fj'' − 600 ( ''j'' = 1, 2, 3 ), the sizes of the major thirds can be conveniently expressed as in the second row of the following table:〔Jorgensen (1991, Table 71-2, pp.264-5).〕 As can be seen from the third row of the table, the widths of the tonic major thirds of successive major keys around the circle of fifths increase by about two ( ''s2'' − ''s1'' , ''s3'' − ''s2'' ) to four ( ''s3'' − ''s1'' ) cents per step in either direction from the narrowest, in C major, to the widest, in F major. The following table gives the pitch differences in cents between the notes of a chromatic scale tuned with Young's first temperament and those of one tuned with equal temperament, when the note A of each scale is given the same pitch.〔Jorgensen (1991, Table 71-1, p.264).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Young temperament」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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